Gestational trophoblastic disease is a heterogenous group of proliferative disorders of the placental trophoblasts. It encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders, ranging from the non-neoplastic hydatidiform moles to neoplastic conditions, including the highly malignant gestational choriocarcinoma. Ascertaining an accurate histological diagnosis is essential, in order to correctly manage the case. Consequently, the role of the pathologist is of crucial importance.